The science of effective learning: Techniques backed by research

Learning effectively is a skill that can be developed. Based on cognitive science research, here are the most effective learning techniques: 1. Spaced Repetition: Reviewing information at increasing intervals over time. This technique leverages the 'spacing effect' where information is more easily recalled if learning sessions are spread out. 2. Active Recall: Actively stimulating memory during the learning process. Instead of passively reviewing notes, try to retrieve information from memory. 3. Interleaving: Mixing different topics or subjects during study sessions. This helps the brain distinguish between concepts and improves long-term retention. 4. Elaboration: Explaining and describing ideas with many details. Connecting new information to what you already know creates stronger neural pathways. 5. Dual Coding: Combining words with visuals. Creating diagrams, mind maps, or other visual representations alongside written notes. 6. Concrete Examples: Using specific examples to understand abstract concepts. The more concrete and relatable the example, the better the understanding. 7. The Feynman Technique: Explaining a concept in simple terms as if teaching it to someone else. This quickly reveals gaps in understanding. 8. Chunking: Breaking down complex information into smaller, manageable units. Our working memory can only hold about 4-7 chunks at a time. To implement these techniques: - Use flashcards with spaced repetition software like Anki - Practice with self-testing rather than re-reading - Create mind maps that connect concepts - Teach concepts to others or write explanations - Use analogies and real-world examples Which of these techniques have you found most effective? Are there any other research-backed methods you'd recommend?